Understanding Depression Types, Symptoms and Tips to Help

The Sagent Behavioral Health provider consulted for this article on understanding depression is Dr. Karin Ryan, LP, host of the Everyday Therapy Podcast.          

Depression is a serious mental health condition that is more than simply feeling sad or having a difficult day. Depression can affect how you think, feel, connect with others, and navigate everyday life.  

It can also affect anyone regardless of age or background and can look different in children and adults. Since depression can look so different from person to person, it can be difficult to recognize right away. This guide can help you with understanding depression so you can seek support for yourself or your loved ones when you notice that something isn’t quite right.  

Understanding Depression: What Causes It?  

Depression can be caused by multiple factors, and there is no single reason a person develops depression. A combination of biological, psychological, and environmental factors may contribute to developing symptoms.  

This can include:  

• Genetics and family history 

• Changes in brain chemistry 

• Major or ongoing life stress 

• Trauma or other difficult life experiences 

• Chronic illness or health conditions 

• Hormonal changes 

Having one or more of these risk factors doesn’t guarantee someone will develop depression. On the other hand, it can occur even when there is no obvious reason or cause. 

Understanding Depression Symptoms 

Depression can impact both emotional and physical well-being, and symptoms can vary from person to person.  

Some common signs include:

Emotional Symptoms of Depression  

• Persistent sadness or emptiness 

• Feelings of hopelessness 

• Loss of interest in activities once enjoyed 

• Irritability 

• Feelings of guilt of worthlessness 

Physical Symptoms of Depression 

• Fatigue or low energy 

• Changes in sleep 

• Changes in appetite 

• Difficulty concentrating 

• Unexplained aches or pains 

When symptoms last for more than two weeks or begin interfering with daily life, it may be a good idea to reach out to a healthcare or mental health provider. A professional evaluation can help determine what may be contributing to the symptoms.  

Related Reading: What Should I Do If My Partner is Depressed? | Sagent Behavioral Health 

Understanding Depression: Different Types

There are several types and patterns of depressive disorders, and knowing the differences can help people recognize when and how they need support.  

Major Depressive Disorder 

Major depressive disorder, also called clinical depression, involves persistent symptoms that can significantly interfere with daily functioning at work, in school, or in other areas of life.  

Persistent Depressive Disorder 

Persistent depressive disorder, sometimes called dysthymia, is a long-lasting form of depression. Symptoms continue for two years or more in adults and may be less severe than major depression but still affect everyday life.  

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) 

Seasonal affective disorder, or SAD, is a form of depression that is brought on by seasonal changes. Symptoms most commonly occur during the fall and winter months and fade in the spring and summer.  

Postpartum Depression 

Postpartum depression can occur during pregnancy or in the postpartum phase after childbirth. Symptoms go beyond temporary mood changes and can significantly affect a new parent’s emotional well-being and ability to function.  

Situational Depression

Situational depression can be used to describe depressive symptoms that develop in response to a significant life change or stressful event like divorce, job loss, death of a loved one, or another major life transition.  

Every person’s experience with depression is unique, which is why meeting with a qualified healthcare provider is essential for an accurate diagnosis.  

Actionable Tips for Supporting Your Mental Health  

If you’re experiencing symptoms of depression, small steps can provide support while you consider professional care.  

1. Prioritize Movement 

Regular exercise or physical activity can help improve mood and reduce depressive symptoms. Movement does not have to mean an intense workout! Engage in gentle activities like:  

• Walking 

• Stretching 

• Yoga 

• Strength training 

• Gardening

2. Stay Connected

Depression can make it harder to connect with people, which can lead to individuals withdrawing or seeking isolation. However, connections can be an important source of support. Try calling a friend or spending time with family or connect with a therapist who can help you understand your symptoms.  

3. Keep Daily Routines 

When motivation is low, focusing on small goals can make your responsibilities feel more achievable. Work on getting dressed every day, eating consistent meals, and spending time outside.  

4. Reach Out Early for Help 

Your symptoms don’t need to be severe before reaching out for help. Reach out to a healthcare or mental health provider when depression symptoms begin interfering with work, school, relationships, or other daily activities.  

Related Reading: Feeling Stressed? 5 Simple Ways to Take Care of Your Mental Health | Sagent Behavioral Health 

When Depression May Require Extra Support 

While some symptoms of depression can remain mild or self-managed, more severe or persistent symptoms should be evaluated by a professional. This is especially important if your symptoms last longer than two weeks or begin affecting your ability to manage your daily responsibilities like work, school, or your relationships.  

It is also important to take changes in mood and behavior seriously when someone may be experiencing thoughts of self-harm or suicide. Talking openly about mental health and checking in with loved ones can help reduce stigma and encourage people to seek support.  

Warning signs may include:  

• Talking about feeling hopeless 

• Withdrawing from loved ones 

• Giving away possessions 

• Sudden changes in mood or behavior 

• Talking about being a burden on others 

• Discussing thoughts of self-harm or suicide  

If you or someone you know is experiencing thoughts of suicide or is in immediate danger, call or text 988 to reach the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline for free support, 24/7.  

Understanding Depression Treatment at Sagent 

Understanding depression and knowing what symptoms to watch out for is crucial, but it is also important to know when it is time to reach out for help. Depression is treatable with the right support. At Sagent, we offer comprehensive mental health care designed to meet people where they are.  

Treatment options include:  

• Individual therapy 

• Psychiatry and medication management 

• Psychological testing 

• Child and adolescent services 

• Family therapy
  
• Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

• Higher levels of care when appropriate  

If you have been struggling with depression for years or have recently noticed changes in your mood or motivation, support is here at Sagent. We are here for you through every step of your mental health journey.  

Ready to take the next step? Contact us today to learn more about our depression treatment options. Feeling better starts at Sagent.  

Understanding Depression: Frequently Asked Questions 

What are the most common symptoms of depression? 

Common symptoms include persistent sadness, hopelessness, loss of interest, irritability, fatigue or changes in sleep or appetite.  

What causes depression?  

There is no single cause of depression. Genetics, family history, brain chemistry, trauma and chronic stress or illness can contribute to a person’s risk of developing depression.  

Can depression affect anyone? 

Yes, depression can affect people of any age or background. Symptoms can look different based on a person’s age, circumstances, and individual experiences.